There are a variety of irrigation systems. Some are straightforward while others require a lot of maintenance and equipment.
This type of system uses methods like canals, pumping stations, gates, and ditches to raise the level of water and distribute it across fields. This is the most costly type of irrigation system.
Surface Irrigation
Surface irrigation is one of the most common systems for water supply. This system is easy to use, requires little capital investment and requires no knowledge and can be used on land that is sloped. It is the most energy efficient method to irrigate sloped fields since it relies on gravity to move the water. It is difficult to control and may cause fields to be overflowing for prolonged durations of time.
Three kinds of surface irrigation are distinguished: basin irrigation border irrigation, furrow and basin irrigation. Basin irrigation is the most well-known kind of surface water irrigation. It is comprised of diked areas that allow the surface water to flow without direction. They can be constructed in any size or shape to suit different soil types and crop patterns. The systems can be modified to include corrugated surfaces and sand-filled sand trenches in order to increase the soil’s quality.
These systems are also easy to maintain. The lateral pipes within the furrow or basin system can be easily inspected and cleaned, and they can also be flushed to keep them from getting clogged with salts or sediment. This is a major advantage over drip irrigation, where the lateral pipes are located underground and therefore are more difficult to examine and maintain.
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is a low pressure method for delivering water directly into the plant. The water is then delivered directly to the roots of the plants, making it an extremely effective method of watering. It is a great method for soils with sandy soils since it spreads water over a wider area that surface irrigation. Drip irrigation can be utilized for landscaping in homes as well as commercial vegetable row crop production.
The system consists of a pump that pulls water from a source, and then releases it at the appropriate pressure to a pipe network which transports the water to the field. (See Figure below). A settling pond could be needed in some instances. It is essential that the pump unit is appropriately sized to avoid over-pumping and/or damage to the soil or plants. Other components include a filter that will rid the water of the seeds of weeds, fertilizer deposits and dissolving chemicals that may precipitate (like calcium and iron). An injection unit for chemical that injects a precise quantity of herbicide, insecticide and fungicide into irrigation water at each irrigation cycle is also included.
PVC pipes are utilized to transfer water from the reservoirs into the fields. The pipes vary in diameter as well as wall thickness. Some PVC pipes are flexible and bend easily while others are smooth bores and an unresistible bore. Emitters (nozzles) are distributed across the length of the pipe, and are arranged in accordance with the requirements of the crop and soil conditions. Some emitters have a pressure compensation, allowing they to run in a consistent manner over an extensive range of pressures and heights.
Sprinkler Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation resembles natural rain by spraying water droplets uniformly across the the soil. This kind of irrigation works well with a range of crops, including fruits and vegetables. It also provides a completely hands-free and lush green landscape.
Sprinkler systems, like other irrigation methods have their advantages and disadvantages based on the terrain of the field. Some systems are only suitable for certain terrains, while others can be very expensive.
The center pivot irrigation method is one of the most commonly employed systems. It comprises several towers that rotate and move in a circle to water the crops. The movement and rotation of the towers are controlled by an electronic control unit. Operators can use a cell phone or satellite radio to talk with the machine remotely and control the machine’s operation.
These systems are like center pivots however, they’re specifically designed to water rectangular fields. They require more effort during the growing season however they are less costly in system costs in the long run.
The solid-set system is intended to be used for perennial crops, turf and landscape. Cost-effective and uniform, they ensure balanced growth and high production. They can be combined with fertilizers to apply nutrients and water (a method called fertigation) to increase the uptake of nutrients.
Methods for Irrigation
The process for artificially irrigating soil is to pour water onto it to maintain a uniform levels of moisture. It can be accomplished in a number of ways such as spraying, tubes, and pumps. In places in which there isn’t enough rain to sustain the plant life, irrigation might be necessary.
In their quest for food and agriculture, early civilizations bec tuoi phun mua constructed dams, canals, and intricate irrigation systems. We can achieve the same results using less energy today, because of technology.
Surface irrigation can be divided into three types border, furrows and basins. This involves an enclosed field that is protected by levees to prevent the water from flowing out. This is a good option for crops that can take flooding well, such as rice.
A variation of traditional flood irrigation is the surge flooding. This system uses pipe gates with solar or battery powered controllers. The valves permit water to flow through the field, and then shut it off. This creates the pulses of irrigation, which help to minimize runoff that is not needed.
This system is suited to various crops. It is also a great option for uneven terrain. The only thing to note is that the inflow rate must be sufficient to move the water front however, it should not be too much enough to wash the fertile soil of the field. The inflow rate should not create the condition known as waterlogging when the soil becomes saturated.